Administratively, SMP N 1 Berbah is located in Teguhan Hamlet, Kalitirto Village, Kapanewon Berbah, Sleman Regency, DIY. The SMPN 1 Berbah building is a building complex consisting of several buildings for school infrastructure, and occupies an area of 5,286,318 M2. While the building declared as a Cultural Conservation building is the main building (Main building) which is currently used for the school management room. The main building stands on a land measuring 409,546 m2. Overall, the SMP N 1 Berbah building complex is in good condition and well maintained.
The main building of SMP N 1 Berbah faces south, with a fairly large yard. The overall plan of the building is rectangular in shape with an additional protrusion of the hexagon-shaped plan at the front. The roof of the building is covered with pressed tiles and clay ridges. The hexagonal building has a peak decoration at the top. The hexagonal plan building is then connected to a rectangular plan building with symmetrical division of space and a pyramid-shaped roof. The ceiling of the room is covered with a sheet of corrugated zinc steel with a flat wave pattern. This building stands on a foundation with an exposed foundation model composed of bare river stone plastered with cement around the stone. This foundation stands at a height of 72 cm above the ground and is equipped with two entrance stairs on the east and west. Previously, the floor of the building consisted of 20 cm x 20 cm gray tiles, but now everything is covered with ceramic tiles. The interesting thing about the architecture of the main building of SMPN 1 Berbah is that it has a distinctive Indian building style with large and tall wooden windows and doors. The living room is at the forefront, occupying a hexagonal floor plan with large windows that almost fill the walls of the building. The main building is divided into seven rooms which are currently used for the Principal's room and Teacher's room facilities.
The main building of SMPN 1 Berbah is closely related to the history of the development of a sugar factory in Yogyakarta. Beginning in 1860 in Yogyakarta, a sugar factory was established using hydropower, and then other sugar factories were established, one of which was using steam power. During the heyday of the sugar industry, there were 17 sugar factories in Yogyakarta, namely the Gondang Lipuro (Ganjuran) Sugar Factory (Ganjuran), PG Padhokan, PG Gesikan, PG Jebuk (Bantul), PG Barongan, PG Pundong, PG Kedhaton Pleret, PG Rewulu, PG Demakijo, PG Cebongan, PG Beran, PG Medari, PG Sendangpitu, PG Sewu Galur, PG Randugunting, PG Wonocatur, and the Tanjung Tirto sugar factory, in Berbah Sleman.
Tanjung Tirto Sugar Factory was founded by Internationale Crediet en Handelsvereeniging "Rotterdam" (Internatio) in 1874. Internatio is a banking company founded in 1863 and domiciled in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Apart from constructing the Tanjung Tirto Sugar Factory building, a facility building was also built for the manager and his employees. The Administrative Office was established in 1923, the Ziender housing and native employees were established in 1923-1924, the maid's hospital (hulpziekenhuizen) in 1922 and the carpentry school (Ambachischool) which was opened on May 15, 1928 which was marked by the planting of a banyan tree by Sultan Hangkubuwono VIII and witnessed by Paku Alam VII and the Resident of Yogyakarta. The heyday of the sugar factory in the Yogyakarta Charboume Agreement in 1931 which obliged the Dutch Government to reduce the amount of sugar production, nine sugar factories in the Yogyakarta area went bankrupt and had to be closed. The eight sugar factories that survived the Malaisse crisis were PG Kedhaton Pleret, PG Medari, PG Cebongan, PG Beran, PG Gesikan, PG Gondang Lipuro, PG Padokan, and PG Tanjung Tirto, in Berbah, Sleman. During the Japanese occupation, most of the sugar factories were closed and the land was converted to planting rice and crops for the needs of the Japanese army. This situation got worse after Indonesia's independence. All sugar factories were burnt to the ground by the fighters for the Republic of Indonesia and the TNI so that they would not be used by the Dutch military who wanted to regain control of Indonesia. However, there are still sugar factory facilities that have been saved, including the official residence of the Tanjung Tirto Sugar Factory administrator, Berbah, Sleman.
The main building of SMP N 1 Berbah used to be a residence or official residence of the Tanjung Tirto Sugar Factory Administrator which was built in 1923. During the Japanese occupation this building was used as the official residence of the sugarcane foreman. After Indonesia's independence and during the struggle for Indonesian independence, this building was empty and abandoned. Along with the General Attack on March 1, 1949 this building was controlled by TNI troops and no one occupied it until 1951. Then since 1951 this building was used for school activities. In 1951 - 1952 this building was used as the Kalasan State Technical School (STN) as a transfer from the STN in Kalasan, and was used until 1969. Furthermore, from 1969 until now the Administrative House is used as a State Junior High School (SMP) 1 changed. Interesting story told by Plt. The Principal of SMP N 1 Berbah said that several years ago the grandson of the administrator of the house came to visit Berbah to trace the places his ancestors had lived or visited."**